Different from behaviorism theory, cognitive theory is more concered with process than the result. Cognitive theory that determined by experience to form perceptions of the environment. In cognitive theory this time, I will discuss about 2 important figures who gave rise to cognitive theory.
1. JEAN PIAGET
Piaget's theory suggests that a person can learn independently from various experiences and the environment. Piaget stated that cognitive abilities can develop acording to change in age, so He uses childrens as research subjects. The learning process will occur if it follows the assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration steps ( balancing assimilation and accomodation ).
Piaget stagets of cognitive development :
a. sensorimotor stage ( 0 - 2 years )
Progress based on actions, and carried out step by step.
b. Preoperational stage ( 2 - 7 years )
use symbols or language sign, and begin to develop intuitive concept.
c. Concrete operational stage ( 7 - 11 years )
Begins to think logically
d. Formal operational stage ( 12 and Up )
children are able to think abstacly and logically by using the " posibility" thinking pattern.
so we must be able to teach children in different ways according to their age, we cannot equalize all children in just one way.
2. LEV VYGOTSKY
According to Vygotsky, children when learning are influenced by their parents and the surrounding community will find it easier to understand what is being taught. Vygotsky has a theory of cognitive development called the sociocultural theory.
Vygotsky stagets of cognitive development :
a. ZPD (Proximal Development Zone Concept)
The importance of the role of parents to guide children when difficulties
b. SCAFFOLDING
The level of change in support experienced by children during the learning process by teachers, parents, and peers
c. LANGUAGE and MIND
The use of language has an important role in explaining and communicating with children in order to know what they want to convey
From the explanation of the two theories above, it can be seen that everyone will go through a stage of cognitive development. In Piaget's theory, it is explained that everyone will have cognitive changes when they grow up according to what they learn and according to Vygotsky's theory every human being experiences cognitive changes according to what parents and the surrounding environment teaches.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar